Why does my GFCI outlet keep tripping with nothing plugged in?

A GFCI outlet that trips with nothing plugged in typically indicates a ground fault in the wiring itself, moisture infiltration, or a failing GFCI device. This is a safety issue that requires immediate attention from a licensed electrician.

Ground Fault in the Wiring
The most common cause is a ground fault somewhere in the circuit protected by the GFCI. Even with nothing plugged in, current can leak from the hot or neutral wire to ground through damaged insulation, loose connections, or deteriorated wiring. This is exactly what the GFCI is designed to detect - any imbalance between the hot and neutral wires as small as 4-6 milliamps will cause it to trip. In Ottawa's older homes, this often occurs with aging wiring behind walls or in damp areas like basements.

Moisture and Environmental Factors
Moisture is GFCI's biggest enemy. Even small amounts of humidity can create a path for current to leak to ground, especially in bathrooms, kitchens, garages, or outdoor locations. In Ottawa's climate, temperature fluctuations can cause condensation inside electrical boxes, leading to intermittent tripping. Outdoor GFCIs are particularly susceptible during spring thaw or after heavy rain when moisture can penetrate weatherproofing.

Failing GFCI Device
GFCI outlets have a lifespan of 10-15 years and can fail internally. The sensitive electronics that monitor current flow can become hypersensitive or malfunction, causing nuisance tripping. If your GFCI is older or has been exposed to power surges, internal failure is likely. You can test this by pressing the "test" button (should trip) and "reset" button (should restore power) - if it won't reset or trips immediately after resetting, the device has failed.

Downstream Wiring Issues
If your GFCI protects other outlets downstream (common in bathrooms and kitchens per Ontario Electrical Safety Code requirements), the problem could be in any of those connected devices or their wiring. A loose wire nut, damaged cable, or moisture in a downstream box can cause the upstream GFCI to trip.

Safety Considerations
Never ignore a tripping GFCI - it's detecting a potentially dangerous condition. Under the Ontario Electrical Safety Code, GFCIs are required within 1.5 meters of sinks and in bathrooms, garages, and outdoor locations specifically because these areas have higher electrocution risks. A ground fault that's tripping your GFCI could energize metal surfaces or create shock hazards.

What You Should Do
First, ensure the GFCI will reset - if it won't, the device has likely failed and needs immediate replacement by a licensed electrician. If it resets but continues tripping, this indicates an actual ground fault that requires professional diagnosis. Don't attempt to "fix" a tripping GFCI by replacing it with a regular outlet - you'll eliminate crucial safety protection.

Professional Diagnosis Required
A licensed electrician can use specialized equipment to locate ground faults, test insulation resistance, and determine whether the issue is in the GFCI device itself or the protected circuit. In Ottawa, this type of electrical troubleshooting typically costs $150-300 for diagnosis, with repairs ranging from $100-500 depending on the root cause.

For immediate safety, avoid using the circuit until a professional can diagnose the issue. Request a quote from Electrical Ottawa for proper GFCI troubleshooting and repair by ESA-licensed electricians who understand Ontario's electrical safety requirements.

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